Effects of arginine and ornithine supplementation to a high‐protein diet on selected cellular immune variables in adult cats

Background: Dietary protein and amino acid intake and composition can modulate immune function. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of high‐protein intake and arginine and ornithine supplementation on feline immune cells. Animals: Ten healthy cats. Methods: Experimental study. Cats received a high‐protein basal diet as a single daily meal. A crossover design was applied with treatments being basal diet (w/o); basal diet with arginine supplementation (+50, 75, 100% compared to the arginine provision by the basal diet; Arg 1‐3); and basal diet with ornithine supplementation (+100, 150, 200% compared to the arginine provision by the basal diet; Orn 1‐3). Blood samples were collected at the end of each 11‐day treatment period. Results: Mitogen‐stimulated proliferative activity of blood leukocytes revealed a quadratic effect for the dietary supplementation of arginine (P = .02) and ornithine (P = .03) (means for ConA‐stimulation: w/o = 6.96; Arg 1 = 9.31; Arg 2 = 11.4; Arg 3 = 8.04; Orn 1 = 15.4; Orn 2 = 9.43; Orn 3 = 9.28; pooled SEM: 0.96). The number (% gated) of phagocytic granulocytes linearly decreased with increasing dietary concentrations of arginine (P = .05) and ornithine (P = .03) (means: w/o = 95.5; Arg 1 = 93.0; Arg 2 = 92.5; Arg 3 = 92.6; Orn 1 = 92.6; Orn 2 = 92.6; Orn 3 = 91.5; pooled SEM = 0.44). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This study could demonstrate immunomodulating properties of dietary arginine and ornithine in cats

Effect of Andrographis paniculata and Psidium guajava leaves on growth performance and carcass of broiler chicken

A six-week experiment was conducted to study the effects of Andrographis paniculata (AP) and Psidium guajava (PG) on the growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Six hundred one-day-old (mixed sex) broiler chicks were used in ten dietary treatments, in a completely randomized design experiment. There were three replications in each treatment with 20 chicks per pen. The dietary treatments were 1) basal diet (control), 2) basal diet + antibiotic, 3) basal diet + 0.2% AP, 4) basal diet + 0.4% AP, 5) basal diet + 0.2% PG, 6) basal diet + 0.4% PG, 7) basal diet + 0.2% AP + 0.2% PG, 8) basal diet + 0.2% AP + 0.4% PG, 9) basal diet + 0.4% AP + 0.2% PG and 10) basal diet + 0.4% AP + 0.4% PG From 0-3, 3-6 and 0-6 weeks, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in percentages of eviscerated carcass, breast and leg among chicken fed different diets However, percentage of abdominal fat of male chicken fed basal diet + 0.2% AP + 0.2% PG were lower (P<0.05) than other treatments while female chickens fed the same diet were not statistically different

Impact of dietary changes on hepatic homocysteine metabolism in young broilers

Information regarding the impact of sulfur amino acids (SAA) on hepatic homocysteine (Hcy) flux through the various metabolic pathways competing for Hcy in young broilers is lacking. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of varying levels of dietary methionine (Met), choline, and betaine on hepatic Hcy flux in young broiler chickens. A standard starter basal diet was fed to chicks until 8 d of age; 12 experimental diets were given from 8-22 d. The experimental basal diet contained deficient levels of Met and cysteine (Cys); supplemental Met (0, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.24%) was added to the basal diet in combination with isomethyl levels of choline (0 or 0.25%) or betaine (0 or 0.28%). The 12 dietary treatments were replicated with three pens containing five chicks each (15 birds per treatment). Weight gain and feed efficiency increased (P \u3c 0.05) with Met addition and were maximized with the addition of 0.16% digestible Met. No significant interactions (P \u3e 0.05) with choline or betaine addition were noted for weight gain, feed intake, or feed efficiency, but numerical improvements for these variables were observed with the addition of choline and betaine to the Met-deficient basal diet. Analysis of liver tissue indicated that folate-dependent remethylation of Hcy predominated over betaine-dependent remethylation. Further, folate-dependent remethylation of Hcy appeared to be impacted by dietary choline and betaine levels, whereas betaine-dependent remethylation appeared to be more impacted by dietary SAA levels

Prawn Shell Chitosan Has Anti-Obesogenic Properties, Influencing Both Nutrient Digestibility and Microbial Populations in a Pig Model

This study was supported financially (Grant-Aid Agreement No. MFFRI/07/01) under the Sea Change Strategy with the support of the Marine Institute and the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, funded under the National Development Plan 2007–2013.peer-reviewedThe potential of natural products to prevent obesity have been investigated, with evidence to suggest that chitosan has anti-obesity effects. The current experiment investigated the anti-obesity potential of prawn shell derived chitosan on a range of variables relevant to obesity in a pig model. The two dietary treatment groups included in this 63 day study were: T1) basal diet and T2) basal diet plus 1000 ppm chitosan (n = 20 gilts per group (70 ± 0.90 kg). The parameter categories which were assessed included: performance, nutrient digestibility, serum leptin concentrations, nutrient transporter and digestive enzyme gene expression and gut microbial populations. Pigs offered chitosan had reduced feed intake and final body weight (P< 0.001), lower ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) (P< 0.05) and reduced coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of gross energy and nitrogen (P<0.05) when compared to the basal group. Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) gene expression was down-regulated in pigs offered chitosan (P = 0.05) relative to the basal diet. Serum leptin concentrations increased (P< 0.05) in animals offered the chitosan diet compared to pigs offered the basal diet. Fatness traits, back-fat depth (mm), fat content (kg), were significantly reduced while lean meat (%) was increased (P<0.05) in chitosan supplemented pigs. Pigs offered chitosan had decreased numbers of Firmicutes in the colon (P <0.05), and Lactobacillus spp. in both the caecum (P <0.05) and colon (P <0.001). Bifidobacteria populations were increased in the caecum of animals offered the chitosan diet (P <0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that prawn shell chitosan has potent anti-obesity/body weight control effects which are mediated through multiple biological systems in vivo.This study was supported financially (Grant-Aid Agreement No. MFFRI/07/01) under the Sea Change Strategy with the support of the Marine Institute and the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, funded under the National Development Plan 2007–2013

In Vitro Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation of Grass or Rice Straw Basal Diet With or Without Complete Rumen Modifier Supplementation

An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of complete rumen modifier (CRM) to elephant grass or rice straw basal diet. CRM is feed additive consisting of a mixture of defaunator, methanogenesis inhibitor and bacterial growth factors. The diet was formulated in iso energetic and iso protein contained CP 16% and ME 2.3 MJ/kg. The diet was fermented for 48 hours under anaerobic condition at 39 °C. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in 2×2 factorial arrangement using 2 levels of type of basal diet (Napier grass and rice straw) and 2 levels of CRM supplementation (0 and 2%). The parameters recorded were apparent digestibility of grass substrate, gas production, methane production and bacterial and protozoal counts. Total gas and methane produced during incubation was recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Results from the study show that DM and OM digestibility, bacterial and protozoal population were significantly affected by the interaction between CRM supplementation and type of basal diet. CRM supplementation in rice straw basal diet increased DM and OM by 27% and 23,48% respectively, but it did not increase in grass basal diet. Bacterial population was increased by CRM supplementation in grass basal diet, in contrast, in rice straw basal diet, CRM supplementation decreased bacterial population. Whereas protozoal population was decreased both in grass and rice straw basal diet, the decreased was about 63.26% and 64% respectively for grass and rice straw basal diet. Methane production tended (P0.07) to decrease by CRM supplementation in rice straw basal diet. From this study, it can be concluded that CRM supplementation was able to improve the fermentability of rice straw basal diet and tended to decrease proportion of methane production. CRM supplementation did not have any effect on grass basal diet

PERFORMANS PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN PROTEIN RANSUM PADA KALKUN LOKAL YANG DIPELIHARA SECARA INTENSIF DIBERI RANSUM MENGANDUNG DAUN KOBIS (Brassica oleracea var capitata) AFKIR

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the used of Brassica oleracea var capitata by product as feed of local turkey kept intensively in confinement housing. Twenty two toms of 8 weeks of age were used in this experiment. Average body weight were 534,37 ± 32,12g. The treatment of this experiment consisted of four diets, T0 (basal diet), T1 (basal diet 95% + brassica 5%), T2 (basal diet 90% + brassica 10%) and T3 (basal diet 85% + brassica 15%). Basal diet composed of broiler commercial feed, fish meal and corn meal. Basal diet containd 24% crude protein and 2900 kkal/g Metabolisable Energy. Experimental design used Completly Randomize Design. Data colected were analized by ANOVA. Result of this experiment showed that brassica in diet significantly decreased feed consumption, energy consumption, protein consumption, and increased carrcas persentage (p < 0,05). Body weight, body weight gain, carcas weight, feed convertion, protein efficiency ratio were not significantly different. Based on this experiment diet contained 15% brassica (T3) was optimal for growing turkey. key words : turkey, brassica, performance, protein efficiency

Roles of Dietary Cobalt and Administration of Mixed Rumen Bacteria in Regulating Hematological Parameters of Pre-weaning Twin Lambs

Cobalt (Co) is required by rumen microorganism for vitamin B12 synthesis. Vitamin B12 is an important cofactor for methionine synthesis and gluconeogenesis. In young ruminants up to 6–8 wk old, the rumen has not been completely developed and rumen microorganisms are not ready to supply vitamin B12. The aim of this research was to determine the potency of mixed rumen bacteria and dietary supplementation of Co and its effect on plasma glucose, blood minerals (Co, Fe, and Zn) concentrations, and hematology of pre-weaning twin lambs. Twelve one month-old local twin lambs were assigned to 4 groups in a randomized complete block design. Lambs were fed cow milk at 10% body weight, adjusted weekly for 80 d. Mixed rumen bacteria were offered at 15 mL/d (8.295x1010 cfu). Dietary treatments were: 1) basal diet (Control), 2) basal diet + 1 mg/kg DM cyanocobalamin (VitB12) and 3) basal diet + 1 mg/kg DM of Co + administration of 15 mL mixed rumen bacteria (CoBac). There were no treatment effects on neither plasma glucose and blood mineral concentrations nor hematological profiles. This study demonstrated that pre-weaning twin lambs are not responsive to supplementation of Co and administration of mixed rumen bacteria

Turnitin - The Effects of Fungi-origin probiotic Chrysonilia crassa in comparison to selected commercially used feed additives on broiler chicken performance, intestinal microbiology, and blood indices.

Objective: The objective of the current study was to investigate the influence of probiotic Chrysonilia crassa in comparison with zinc bacitracin, commercial probiotic Bacillus subtilis, and herbal medicine waste on growth, intestinal microbiology, and blood indices of broilers. Materials and methods: Three hundreds of Lohmann day-old chicks were allocated to control diet (basal diet; CONT), basal diet with antibiotic zinc bacitracin (AZB), basal diet with B. subtilis (PROB), basal diet with C. crassa (PROC), and basal diet with herbal medicine waste (HERBW). Sample collections were conducted on day 34 of the experiment. Results: PROB showed greater (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 332-342

Intestinal development and histomorphometry of broiler chickens fed Trichoderma reesei degraded date seed diets

A study was conducted to investigate the impact of degraded date pits (DDP) on the development and morphology of the intestine in broilers. Trichoderma reesei was used to produce the DDP using a solid-state degradation method. One hundred and eighty broilers were divided into six treatments in triplicate groups of 10 chicks each. The dietary treatments were: positive control with corn-soy basal diet, negative control with corn-soy basal diet + 20% oxytetracycline at 0.05%, corn-soy basal diet + 10% DDP, corn-soy basal diet + 0.2% mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), corn-soy basal diet + 0.2% mannose and corn-soy basal diet + 0.1% mannose for 6 weeks. The results indicate that a 10% DDP diet increased the activities of the pancreatic enzymes, the villus length, and the villus/crypt ratio, and decreased the crypt depth of the intestine. In conclusion, when compared to oxytetracycline and MOS, DDP can be used as a replacement for antibiotic growth promoters for broilers while improving gut development and intestinal health

Evaluation the Usage of Treated Shrimp Waste as Protein Source in Broiler Diet

The objective of the research was to know the best method of processed-shrimp wastes on protein consumption and retention. Experiment was designed using completely randomized design with five treatments of ration and four replications. Treatments were basal ration with added by 5% shrimp waste. Treatments were D0 (basal diet + non treated shrimp waste), D1 (basal diet + shrimp waste hydrolyzed by 3% NaOH), D2 (basal diet + shrimp waste hydrolyzed by 6% NaOH), D3 (basal diet + shrimp waste hydrolyzed by 5% H2O2), and D4 (basal diet + shrimp waste fermented by Aspergillus Niger). The total number of treated chicken was 20 broiler of MB 202 strain. To compare the effect of treatments, data was analyzed using least square difference. Results showed that the treated shrimp waste had potential to use as protein source in broiler diet and the best consumption and retention protein was found in hydrolysis shrimp waste by 3% NaOH and 5% H2O. (Animal Production 12(1): 1-5 (2010